Which of the following is a flow variable? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
A Pigouvian tax is levied to make producers internalize the external cost of negative externalities.

Explanation:
The J-curve effect describes the pattern where a currency depreciation first worsens the trade balance (due to existing contracts) before improving it as quantities adjust.

Explanation:
Open Market Operations involve the purchase and sale of government securities by the central bank to regulate liquidity and money supply in the economy.