Who discovered the fundamental principle of chemical thermodynamics relating free energy, enthalpy, and entropy? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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Who discovered the fundamental principle of chemical thermodynamics relating free energy, enthalpy, and entropy?

A. Lord Kelvin

B. Josiah Willard Gibbs

C. James Joule

D. Sadi Carnot

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Josiah Willard Gibbs formulated Gibbs Free Energy ($G = H - TS$), establishing mathematical precision within physical chemistry.

This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries

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Who invented the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879?

A. Humphry Davy

B. Nikola Tesla

C. Joseph Swan

D. Thomas Edison

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Thomas Alva Edison developed a fully practical carbon-filament incandescent lamp and public power utility system.

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Question #2

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The invention of the common mechanical device known as the automated teller machine (ATM) was patented by whom?

A. John Shepherd-Barron and Don Wetzel

B. Douglas Engelbart

C. Alan Turing

D. Tim Berners-Lee

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Shepherd-Barron deployed early mechanical paper-voucher ATMs for Barclays Bank in London in 1967.

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Question #3

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Who discovered that atomic electronic distributions can be mapped inside multi-dimensional coordinate grids, formulating Matrix Mechanics?

A. Erwin Schrödinger

B. Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan

C. Wolfgang Pauli

D. Niels Bohr

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Heisenberg formulated matrix quantum mechanics in 1925, which Born and Jordan mathematically structured into matrix arrays.

This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries

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