Enzymes are proteinaceous substances that act as biological catalysts, speeding up biochemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed. They are highly specific and work under mild conditions (pH, temperature). Examples: amylase breaks down starch, pepsin digests proteins. Inorganic catalysts are like Pt, Ni. Lipids are fats, not catalysts. Negative catalysts (inhibitors) slow reactions. Enzymes may be deactivated by high temperature or extreme pH.
Explanation:
Nitric acid (HNO3) is historically known as Aqua Fortis, which translates to 'strong water' in Latin. This name was given by early alchemists due to its ability to dissolve almost all metals, including silver, which was not dissolved by other known acids at the time.
Explanation:
Vinegar is a 4-8% solution of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) in water. Formic acid is in ant sting, citric in citrus fruits, lactic in curd. Acetic acid is used as preservative and condiment.
Explanation:
Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. Benzene (C6H6) has a ring structure with alternating double bonds (delocalized pi electrons), making it highly unsaturated. Cyclohexane, propane, and methane contain only single bonds and are saturated hydrocarbons.
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