Assertion (A): Methanol is highly toxic and can cause blindness if ingested. Reason (R): Methanol is metabolized in the body to formaldehyde and formic acid. MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Assertion (A): Methanol is highly toxic and can cause blindness if ingested. Reason (R): Methanol is metabolized in the body to formaldehyde and formic acid.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

C. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

D. A is false but R is true.

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Methanol (wood alcohol) is highly toxic. When ingested, it is metabolized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase into formaldehyde and then formic acid. Formic acid interferes with mitochondrial function, leading to metabolic acidosis, optic nerve damage, and blindness. Both statements are correct and R explains A.

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Which of the following rays has the maximum penetrating power?

A. Beta rays

B. X-rays

C. Gamma rays

D. Alpha rays

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Radioactive decay emits alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Alpha particles are heavy and positively charged, stopped by paper. Beta particles are lighter, stopped by aluminum. Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic photons with no mass or charge, giving them the highest penetrating power; they require thick lead or concrete to be significantly attenuated.

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Question #2

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Sodium hydroxide is manufactured by the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride in the:

A. Haber process

B. Solvay process

C. Contact process

D. Chlor-alkali process

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Chlor-alkali process involves the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (brine). It produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at the cathode, chlorine gas (Cl₂) at the anode, and hydrogen gas (H₂) at the cathode. The Solvay process produces sodium carbonate, not sodium hydroxide.

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Question #3

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Isotopes of hydrogen include protium, deuterium, and tritium. Which one is radioactive?

A. Tritium

B. Protium

C. Deuterium

D. Both protium and deuterium

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Tritium (³H) is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of ~12.3 years, decaying by beta emission to ³He. Protium (¹H) and deuterium (²H) are stable. Tritium is used in self-luminous paints, tracer studies, and nuclear fusion. It occurs naturally in very small amounts from cosmic rays but is mainly produced in nuclear reactors.

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