Carbon has 4 valence electrons; it forms four covalent bonds by sharing electrons to achieve octet. It does not form ionic bonds easily due to high ionization energy and electron affinity.
Explanation:
N₂ has a triple bond (N≡N), consisting of one sigma and two pi bonds. This is the strongest type of covalent bond, giving N₂ high stability and low reactivity. Bond order is 3. The molecule is diatomic and nonpolar.
Explanation:
CO₂ levels have risen due to burning fossil fuels, enhancing greenhouse effect. Methane, N₂O also contribute. Nitrogen and oxygen are not greenhouse gases.
Explanation:
Germanium (Ge) is a metalloid, exhibiting properties of both metals and non-metals. It is a semiconductor used in transistors. Sodium and aluminium are metals. Chlorine is a non-metal. Metalloids are located along the zigzag line in the p-block.
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