A. Electrical energy is used to cause a non-spontaneous chemical reaction
B. Heat energy is converted to electrical energy
C. Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy
D. Light energy is absorbed
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Electrolysis uses an external electric current to drive a chemical reaction that would not occur spontaneously. Example: 2NaCl (molten) → 2Na + Cl₂. Option A describes a galvanic cell. Electrolytic cells require energy input. Electroplating, extraction of reactive metals (Al, Na), and production of chemicals (NaOH, Cl₂) rely on electrolysis.
Explanation:
CH₄ (methane) has covalent bonds where carbon shares electrons with four hydrogen atoms. CaO (Ca²⁺ O²⁻), KCl, and NaF are ionic compounds formed by electron transfer between a metal and a non-metal. Ionic bonds form when electronegativity difference is large. Covalent bonds typically between non-metals with similar electronegativities.
Explanation:
Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) was historically called oil of vitriol. Hydrochloric acid was muriatic acid, nitric acid was aqua fortis, carbolic acid is phenol.
Explanation:
The Chlor-alkali process involves the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (brine). It produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at the cathode, chlorine gas (Cl₂) at the anode, and hydrogen gas (H₂) at the cathode. The Solvay process produces sodium carbonate, not sodium hydroxide.
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