Explanation:
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons with close boiling points. Fractional distillation uses a fractionating column to separate them efficiently based on repeated condensation–vaporization cycles. Simple distillation cannot separate liquids with boiling point difference less than 25 K effectively. Filtration and sublimation are not applicable.
Explanation:
Lavoisier is known for the law of conservation of mass, naming oxygen/hydrogen, and establishing chemistry as a quantitative science. Dalton proposed atomic theory; Mendeleev periodic table.
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