James Chadwick bombarded beryllium with alpha particles and discovered:
A. Proton
B. Neutron
C. Positron
D. Electron
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Chadwick (1932) produced highly penetrating neutral radiation by bombarding Be with α-particles, identified as neutrons. Reaction: ⁹Be + ⁴He → ¹²C + ¹n.
Explanation:
Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves with no rest mass and no charge, so they do not readily interact with matter via ionization compared to alpha and beta particles. They can penetrate deep into materials, requiring dense lead or thick concrete for shielding. Alpha and beta particles interact strongly via charge, losing energy quickly. Gamma rays are similar to X-rays but from nuclear origin.
Explanation:
Salt (NaCl) dissolved in water increases the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, facilitating the electrochemical corrosion process. This is why iron rusts faster in coastal areas and on roads treated with deicing salts. Dry air prevents rusting (needs moisture). Coating with paint blocks oxygen and moisture. Vacuum has no oxygen.
Explanation:
Roasting: 2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂. The oxide is then reduced with coke at high temperature: ZnO + C → Zn + CO. Alternatively, it can be leached with H₂SO₄ and electrolyzed.
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