Catalysts lower activation energy, providing an easier pathway, thus increasing reaction rate. They do not affect equilibrium constant or get consumed.
Explanation:
After each half-life, half of the remaining atoms decay. Number of half-lives n = total time / half-life = 30/10 = 3. Fraction remaining = (1/2)ⁿ = (1/2)³ = 1/8. Thus 12.5% remains. Radioactive decay follows first-order kinetics. Exam trick: fraction remaining = (0.5)^(t/T), where T is half-life. After 4 half-lives, 1/16 remains.
Explanation:
Acidified copper sulfate (CuSO₄) solution is the electrolyte. The iron spoon is the cathode, and a pure copper plate is the anode. Cu²⁺ ions are reduced at the cathode and deposited on the spoon. Fe from spoon does not go into solution because it is cathode.
Explanation:
Eka-aluminium was later discovered and named gallium. Eka-silicon is germanium; eka-boron is scandium. Mendeleev's predictions were remarkably accurate.
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