Statements: 1. Some cups are plates. 2. No plate is a spoon. Conclusions: I. Some cups are not spoons. II. No cup is a spoon. Which conclusion(s) logically follow? MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Statements:
1. Some cups are plates.
2. No plate is a spoon.
Conclusions:
I. Some cups are not spoons.
II. No cup is a spoon.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Neither I nor II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Both I and II follow
D. Only conclusion II follows
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Since some cups are plates, and no plates are spoons, the portion of cups that are plates can never be spoons. Thus, some cups are definitely not spoons (Conclusion I). However, we do not know about all cups, so we cannot definitively say no cup is a spoon (Conclusion II).
Statement:
A warning on a cigarette packet: 'Smoking is injurious to health.'
Conclusions:
I. Non-smokers have perfect health.
II. The warning is intended to make people aware of the dangers of smoking.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
Explanation:
The statement does not mean smoking is the *only* thing injurious to health, so non-smokers might get sick from other causes (Conclusion I is false). The explicit purpose of placing a warning is to inform/warn people (Conclusion II follows).
Statement:
If you work hard, you will succeed in the examination.
Conclusions:
I. Hard work is a sufficient condition for success in the examination.
II. Without hard work, one cannot succeed in the examination.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
Explanation:
The statement is an 'If A then B' proposition. It means hard work guarantees success (I follows). However, it does not state 'Only if you work hard', meaning there could be other ways to succeed (e.g., being naturally brilliant). Thus, II does not logically follow.
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