Teflon (PTFE) is an addition polymer of tetrafluoroethene (CF₂=CF₂). The polymer has a linear chain of –CF₂–CF₂– units with high C–F bond strength, making it chemically inert and heat resistant. PVC is polymer of vinyl chloride (CH₂=CHCl). Polyethylene comes from ethylene. Polystyrene from styrene. Teflon is used for non-stick coatings, electrical insulation, and chemical containers.
Explanation:
Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) have the same molecular formula C₂H₆O but different functional groups: alcohol (-OH) vs ether (-O-). This is functional group isomerism. Ethanal is C₂H₄O, acetic acid C₂H₄O₂. Methoxymethane is another name for dimethyl ether. Functional isomers exhibit different chemical properties; ethanol reacts with Na, ether does not.
Explanation:
Ozone (O₃) has a coordinate bond (dative bond). One oxygen atom donates a lone pair to another oxygen atom. The Lewis structure shows O=O⁺–O⁻ or resonance. NaCl is ionic; H₂O has polar covalent bonds; NH₃ has ordinary covalent bonds (though it can donate a lone pair to form coordinate bond in NH₄⁺).
Explanation:
Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄·½H₂O) reacts with water to form gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) which sets into a hard solid mass with slight expansion. Reaction: CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O. This property is used for casting and setting broken bones.
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