Explanation:
Esterification is the chemical reaction where a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst (like conc. H₂SO₄) to produce an ester and water. Saponification is the reverse process, involving the alkaline hydrolysis of esters to form soap and glycerol.
Explanation:
Graphite's layered structure with weak van der Waals forces between layers allows them to slide over each other, making it a good dry lubricant. It is used in machines where oil cannot be used (high temperature) or in pencil lead mixed with clay. Diamond is hard, used as abrasive. Fullerenes are nanomaterials, not lubricants. Coal is fuel.
Explanation:
Distilled water is considered the purest form of water because it is obtained by boiling water and condensing the steam, leaving almost all impurities, minerals, and salts behind. Rainwater is relatively pure but dissolves atmospheric gases and dust as it falls.
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