N₂ has a triple bond (N≡N), consisting of one sigma and two pi bonds. This is the strongest type of covalent bond, giving N₂ high stability and low reactivity. Bond order is 3. The molecule is diatomic and nonpolar.
Explanation:
Ionic (electrovalent) bond is formed by complete transfer of one or more valence electrons from a metal (low ionization energy) to a non-metal (high electron affinity), resulting in oppositely charged ions held by electrostatic forces. Example: Na → Na⁺ + e⁻; Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻; Na⁺Cl⁻. Covalent bond involves sharing. Coordinate bond involves donation.
Explanation:
The modern periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. This was proposed by Henry Moseley, correcting Mendeleev's periodic table which was based on atomic mass. Atomic number determines the electronic configuration and thus chemical properties.
Explanation:
Eutrophication is the excessive richness of nutrients (mainly nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers and sewage) in a lake or other body of water. This causes a dense growth of plant life (algal blooms) and depletion of oxygen, killing aquatic animals and disrupting the ecosystem.
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