Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is (NH₄)₂HPO₄. It is produced by reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid: 2NH₃ + H₃PO₄ → (NH₄)₂HPO₄. It contains 18% N and 46% P₂O₅. Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is NH₄H₂PO₄. Ammonium sulfate is (NH₄)₂SO₄. Triammonium phosphate is unstable. DAP is widely used as a starter fertilizer.
Explanation:
Chadwick bombarded beryllium (Be) with alpha particles from polonium, producing a highly penetrating neutral radiation, which he identified as neutrons: ⁹Be + ⁴He → ¹²C + ¹n. Gold was used by Rutherford for nucleus discovery. Uranium for fission. Lead for shielding.
Explanation:
Leaching is a chemical method of concentration where the powdered ore is treated with a suitable reagent that dissolves the ore but not the impurities. Calcination and roasting are thermal processes, and smelting involves reduction with a chemical reducing agent like carbon at high temperatures.
Explanation:
Distilled water is a pure compound (H₂O) with a fixed composition and distinct properties. Milk is a colloid of fat, protein, etc. Air is a homogeneous mixture of gases. Sea water is a solution of salts. Pure substances are either elements or compounds; mixtures contain two or more substances physically combined. Distillation removes dissolved salts and impurities.
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