Urea is chemically carbamide, with the formula CO(NH₂)₂. It is synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide in the Bosch-Meiser process. Option A is ammonium nitrate, B is ammonium sulfate, and D is calcium dihydrogen phosphate (a component of single superphosphate).
Explanation:
Acid rain is formed when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted into the atmosphere (from burning fossil fuels) react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids then fall to the ground as rain, damaging ecosystems.
Explanation:
HCl is oxidized (Cl⁻ → Cl₂, loss of electrons), so it acts as the reducing agent. MnO₂ is reduced (Mn⁴⁺ → Mn²⁺) and is the oxidizing agent.
Explanation:
In an oxygen molecule (O₂), each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons and needs 2 more to complete its octet. They share two pairs of electrons, forming a double covalent bond (O=O). H₂ and Cl₂ have single bonds, while N₂ has a triple covalent bond (N≡N).
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