The element with the highest electronegativity in the periodic table is:
A. Oxygen
B. Chlorine
C. Fluorine
D. Nitrogen
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. It increases across a period and decreases down a group. Fluorine, located at the top right of the periodic table (Group 17, Period 2), has the smallest atomic radius and highest effective nuclear charge, giving it the highest electronegativity (3.98 on Pauling scale).
Explanation:
Single superphosphate (SSP) is a phosphorus fertilizer, a mixture of monocalcium phosphate and gypsum, produced by treating rock phosphate with sulfuric acid: Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 2H₂SO₄ → Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ + 2CaSO₄. Urea and ammonium nitrate are nitrogenous fertilizers. Potassium chloride is a potash fertilizer. Phosphorus promotes root development and flowering.
Explanation:
In the sulfate ion (SO4 2-), the central sulfur atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms with no lone pairs on the sulfur. The steric number is 4 (4 sigma bonds + 0 lone pairs). A steric number of 4 corresponds to sp3 hybridization, resulting in a tetrahedral geometry.
Explanation:
In a blast furnace, limestone (CaCO₃) decomposes to CaO, which acts as a basic flux. It reacts with the acidic impurity silica (SiO₂) to form calcium silicate slag (CaSiO₃), which is lighter and floats on top of the molten iron, allowing it to be separated and removed.
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