Methanol (CH₃OH) contains the hydroxyl (–OH) functional group characteristic of alcohols. It is the simplest alcohol, also called wood alcohol. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is the alcohol in beverages. Aldehydes have –CHO group, ketones have >C=O, carboxylic acids have –COOH. Methanol is toxic; ingestion can cause blindness or death. It is used as a solvent and in formaldehyde production.
Explanation:
Catalytic poisoning occurs when a substance (a catalytic poison) binds strongly to the active sites of a catalyst, blocking reactants from adsorbing and thereby destroying or reducing its catalytic activity. Arsenic acts as a poison for the iron catalyst used in the Haber process for ammonia synthesis.
Explanation:
Chlorine produced in the chlor-alkali process is used to manufacture PVC (polyvinyl chloride), bleaching powder, disinfectants, and solvents. Glass uses Na₂CO₃. Fertilizers use NH₃ and acids. Steel making uses oxygen. Chlorine is a versatile industrial chemical with many downstream products.
Explanation:
Atomic radius increases down a group due to addition of new shells. Ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity (generally) decrease down a group.
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