The hybridization of the central atom in the sulfate ion (SO4 2-) is:
A. sp3d
B. sp
C. sp3
D. sp2
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
In the sulfate ion (SO4 2-), the central sulfur atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms with no lone pairs on the sulfur. The steric number is 4 (4 sigma bonds + 0 lone pairs). A steric number of 4 corresponds to sp3 hybridization, resulting in a tetrahedral geometry.
Explanation:
In Fe₂O₃, oxygen has valency 2. Two Fe atoms combined with three O atoms: total negative charge = 6. For two Fe, total positive = 6, so each Fe has +3. Valency = 3 (ferric). In FeO, valency is 2 (ferrous).
Explanation:
Boyle's Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume (P ∝ 1/V, or PV = constant). As volume decreases, gas molecules hit the container walls more frequently, increasing the pressure exerted by the gas.
Explanation:
Diamond, with its tetrahedral covalent network, is the hardest known natural material (Mohs 10). Graphite is soft; quartz is SiO₂, hardness 7.
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