Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is primarily methane (CH₄). It is stored at high pressure (200-250 bar). It is used as a vehicular fuel and for cooking. LPG is primarily propane and butane. CNG is cleaner, produces less CO₂ per unit energy, and is safer in leaks as methane is lighter than air. It has high octane rating.
Explanation:
LPG (propane/butane) is odorless. A small amount of strong-smelling mercaptan (ethanethiol) is added to help detect gas leaks, preventing accidents. Natural gas also has odorant. Mercaptans contain sulfur, and their smell is detectable at very low concentrations. Calorific value, temperature, performance are unaffected. Safety is primary.
Consider the following statements: 1. Lattice energy increases with an increase in the charge of the ions. 2. Lattice energy decreases with an increase in the size of the ions. Which is/are correct?
Explanation:
Lattice energy is the energy required to separate one mole of an ionic solid into its gaseous ions. According to Coulomb's law, it is directly proportional to the product of the ionic charges and inversely proportional to the sum of their radii. Thus, higher charges and smaller sizes both increase lattice energy.
Explanation:
Distillation separates a mixture of two or more miscible liquids with different boiling points. The liquid with the lower boiling point vaporizes first, is condensed, and collected separately. Fractional distillation is used when the boiling point difference is less than 25 K. Simple distillation works for larger differences. Filtration separates solids from liquids; sublimation separates sublimable solids; chromatography separates dissolved substances based on differential adsorption.
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