Explanation:
The endogenous-money approach argues that the quantity of money is determined by the demand for loans and the willingness of banks to extend credit, with the central bank mainly setting the price of reserves rather than the quantity of base money.
Explanation:
Contestability measures the extent to which potential competition can discipline incumbents; in digital markets it is often impaired by network effects, data advantages and switching costs.
Explanation:
Total utility reaches its maximum when marginal utility is zero; beyond this point, marginal utility becomes negative and total utility falls.
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