The separation technique used to obtain different fractions from petroleum is:
A. Sublimation
B. Simple distillation
C. Filtration
D. Fractional distillation
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons with close boiling points. Fractional distillation uses a fractionating column to separate them efficiently based on repeated condensation–vaporization cycles. Simple distillation cannot separate liquids with boiling point difference less than 25 K effectively. Filtration and sublimation are not applicable.
Explanation:
Cinnabar is HgS, the chief ore of mercury. Bauxite (Al), galena (Pb), magnetite (Fe). Mercury is extracted by roasting cinnabar in air: HgS + O₂ → Hg + SO₂.
Explanation:
Fluorine is the most electronegative element (Pauling scale 3.98). Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group. Hence F > O > Cl > N.
Explanation:
Oxidation is loss of electrons, increase in oxidation number, or gain of oxygen/loss of hydrogen. Reduction is gain of electrons. Mnemonic: OIL RIG (Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain).
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