The Solvay process is used for the manufacture of:
A. Ammonia
B. Nitric acid
C. Sodium carbonate
D. Sulfuric acid
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The Solvay process (or ammonia-soda process) is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na2CO3). It uses brine (NaCl) and limestone (CaCO3) as raw materials, with ammonia acting as an intermediate that is recovered and recycled.
Explanation:
Light catalyzes decomposition of H₂O₂. Dark bottles (amber) block light, stabilizing it. Often a stabilizer like urea or phosphoric acid is added. Metal containers may catalyze decomposition.
Explanation:
Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points differ by less than 25 K. A fractionating column provides repeated condensation–vaporization cycles, improving separation. Example: separation of petrol, kerosene from crude oil. Simple distillation works if difference > 25 K. Separating funnel separates immiscible liquids. Crystallization purifies solids. Exam note: Fractionating column packed with glass beads increases surface area.
Explanation:
Ionic (electrovalent) bond involves complete transfer of one or more valence electrons. Example: Na → Na⁺ + e⁻, Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻, forming NaCl. Covalent bond shares electrons; coordinate bond is a special covalent bond where one atom donates both electrons.
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