Vanadium(V) oxide is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of:
A. Sulphuric acid
B. Ammonia
C. Nitric acid
D. Sodium hydroxide
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
V₂O₅ catalyzes the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃ in the Contact process for sulfuric acid: 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃. Fe is used for ammonia (Haber). Pt-Rh gauze for nitric acid (Ostwald). Sodium hydroxide is made by chlor-alkali electrolysis, no catalyst needed. V₂O₅ is preferred over Pt because it is cheaper and less susceptible to poisoning by arsenic impurities.
Explanation:
John Dalton proposed the atomic theory in 1803. His theory stated that all matter is made of indivisible and indestructible atoms, atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, and compounds are formed by combinations of different atoms in fixed ratios.
Explanation:
Destructive distillation is the process of heating a carbon-containing substance (like coal or wood) in the absence of air to break it down into various products. For coal, it yields coke, coal tar, coal gas, and coal dust. Fractional distillation is used for separating liquid mixtures like petroleum.
Explanation:
Down a group, atomic radius increases and inner shells shield the valence electron, reducing effective nuclear attraction, making electron removal easier.
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