Nitrogen molecule (N₂) has a triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms (N≡N), with bond order 3. This makes it very stable and relatively inert. O₂ has a double bond (O=O). CH₄ has four single C–H bonds. H₂O has two single O–H bonds. The triple bond in N₂ requires high energy to break, which is why N₂ is used as an inert atmosphere. Bond energy N≡N ≈ 946 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
In H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl, hydrogen is oxidized (0 to +1) and chlorine is reduced (0 to -1). Thus it's a redox reaction. The others: A and C are double displacement with no oxidation state change; D is decomposition with no change (Ca +2, C +4, O -2 throughout).
Explanation:
Froth flotation is used for sulphide ores (ZnS, PbS, CuFeS₂). Ore particles adhere to oil froth and float, gangue sinks. Magnetic separation for magnetic ores. Calcination and smelting are extraction steps, not concentration.
Explanation:
Sulfur forms cross-links between polyisoprene chains, converting sticky raw rubber into strong, elastic material. Process discovered by Goodyear.
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