Which of the following contains a coordinate covalent bond?
A. NH₄⁺
B. Cl₂
C. NaCl
D. NH₃
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) contains a coordinate bond: NH₃ donates its lone pair of electrons to H⁺ to form a covalent bond where both electrons come from nitrogen. NaCl is ionic, NH₃ has ordinary covalent bonds, Cl₂ has a nonpolar covalent bond. In NH₄⁺, all four N–H bonds are equivalent after formation. Coordinate bond is also called dative bond and is common in complex ions like [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺.
Explanation:
Chlor-alkali process: electrolysis of concentrated NaCl solution (brine) yields NaOH, Cl₂, and H₂. Solvay process makes Na₂CO₃; Haber for NH₃; Contact for H₂SO₄.
Explanation:
Metallic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalized valence electrons. These bonds are non-directional, which allows the metal ions to slide past one another without breaking the bond, explaining malleability and ductility. Therefore, statement C is incorrect.
Explanation:
Methane undergoes substitution reaction with chlorine in UV light: CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl. Further substitution can give CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, CCl₄. This is a free radical mechanism. It does not produce methanol or ethane.
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