Which of the following elements has the highest second ionization energy?
A. Magnesium
B. Sodium
C. Aluminum
D. Silicon
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Sodium has the electronic configuration [Ne]3s1. After losing one electron to form Na+, it achieves a highly stable noble gas configuration ([Ne]). Removing a second electron from this stable core requires an exceptionally large amount of energy. Thus, sodium has the highest second ionization energy among these elements.
Explanation:
Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 while studying uranium salts. Marie and Pierre Curie further investigated radioactive elements. Rutherford studied alpha/beta radiation.
Explanation:
Faraday's first law of electrolysis: Mass of substance deposited or liberated is proportional to the charge passed (m = ZQ). Z is electrochemical equivalent. Second law relates masses of different substances to equivalent weights for same charge. Ohm's law is V=IR, Graham's law for diffusion. Faraday's laws are quantitative.
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