Which of the following index numbers does NOT require weights? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Yule's Q = [(AB)(αβ) - (Aβ)(αB)] / [(AB)(αβ) + (Aβ)(αB)]; if the denominator is zero (all cells zero or impossible configuration), Q is undefined, though this rarely occurs in real data.

Explanation:
Cumulative frequencies sum frequencies up to a certain point (less than type) or from a point (more than type).

Explanation:
The arithmetic mean minimizes the sum of squared deviations, i.e., Σ(x - x̄)² is minimum.