Which of the following is a catalytic process used in industry?
A. Hall-Héroult process
B. Solvay process
C. Haber process
D. Bayer's process
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Haber process synthesizes ammonia using iron catalyst. Solvay process for soda ash uses no solid catalyst but involves reactions with CO₂ and ammonia. Bayer's process for alumina uses NaOH, no catalyst. Hall-Héroult process is electrolytic for aluminium. Catalysis is key in many industrial processes: Contact (V₂O₅), Ostwald (Pt), hydrogenation (Ni).
Explanation:
Ostwald process: ammonia is oxidized with air over Pt-Rh catalyst to NO, then NO₂, then absorbed in water to give HNO₃. Haber for NH₃, Contact for H₂SO₄, Bayer for alumina from bauxite.
Explanation:
Graphite mixed with clay forms pencil 'lead'. Its layered structure marks paper. Diamond is used in cutting, fullerene in nanotechnology, charcoal in filters and fuel.
Explanation:
Neutron has mass approximately equal to proton (1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kg) and no electric charge. Proton mass ~1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, positive charge. Electron mass ~9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg, negative charge. Positron is the antiparticle of electron, same mass, positive charge. Neutron's neutrality makes it important for nuclear stability.
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