Which of the following is a feature of the 'Ratchet Effect' in consumption theory?
A. Only permanent income matters
B. Consumption falls symmetrically with income
C. Consumption rises with income but is resistant to falling when income declines
D. Consumption is independent of past income
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The ratchet effect, associated with Duesenberry’s relative-income hypothesis, describes the asymmetry whereby consumption adjusts upward more readily than downward when income changes.
Explanation:
The Loss and Damage Fund, agreed at COP27 and operationalised subsequently, is intended to provide financial assistance to developing countries that are especially vulnerable to climate-related loss and damage.
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