Which of the following is an example of a negative catalyst?
A. Alcohol in chloroform storage to prevent phosgene formation
B. Fe in Haber process
C. Pt in SO₂ oxidation
D. MnO₂ in H₂O₂ decomposition
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
A small amount of ethanol (alcohol) is added to chloroform to inhibit its oxidation by air to toxic phosgene (COCl₂) and HCl. Ethanol acts as a negative catalyst (stabilizer) by consuming any formed phosgene. MnO₂, Pt, Fe are positive catalysts. Negative catalysts are also called inhibitors, used to prevent undesirable reactions.
Explanation:
Detergents emulsify grease by forming micelles around oil droplets, removing them from fabric. Soap does same but less effective in hard water.
Explanation:
Cu + 4HNO₃ (conc.) → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O. Dilute HNO₃ gives NO instead of NO₂. Copper does not produce H₂ with HNO₃ because HNO₃ is an oxidizing acid.
Explanation:
Ideal gas assumptions: particles have negligible volume, no intermolecular forces, and elastic collisions. Real gases deviate due to finite molecular size and attractions. At high pressure and low temperature, real gases deviate significantly; van der Waals equation corrects. So having strong attractive forces is not an ideal gas property. Ideal gas law PV = nRT is a limiting law.
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