Which of the following pairs will form an ionic bond?
A. Carbon and oxygen
B. Hydrogen and chlorine
C. Potassium and fluorine
D. Nitrogen and hydrogen
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Potassium (metal, low EN) and fluorine (most electronegative non-metal) have large EN difference (~3.2), leading to electron transfer and ionic bond (KF). Carbon-oxygen form polar covalent (CO₂). H-Cl polar covalent. Nitrogen-hydrogen covalent (NH₃). Ionic bonds form between metals of Group 1, 2 and non-metals of Group 16, 17.
Explanation:
Fermentation is the anaerobic breakdown of glucose by enzymes (zymase) in yeast to produce ethanol and CO₂: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂. Esterification forms esters, saponification makes soap, hydrogenation adds H₂.
Explanation:
Cathode is where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place in both electrolytic and galvanic cells. Anode is where oxidation occurs. Mnemonic: RED CAT (Reduction at Cathode), AN OX (Oxidation at Anode).
Explanation:
Isoelectronic species have the same total number of electrons. Carbon monoxide (CO) has 6 (from C) + 8 (from O) = 14 electrons. Nitrogen molecule (N2) has 7 + 7 = 14 electrons. Therefore, N2 is isoelectronic with CO. O2 has 16, CO2 has 22, and NO has 15 electrons.
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