Explanation:
Solar cells (photovoltaic cells) convert light energy (photons) directly into electrical energy via the photovoltaic effect: photons excite electrons in semiconductor material, creating electron-hole pairs that generate voltage. This is distinct from solar thermal (light to heat to electricity) or batteries (chemical to electrical). Memory aid: 'Photo = light; voltaic = electricity'. This renewable energy application question tests knowledge of energy conversion principles, common in competitive exams. Always distinguish photovoltaic (direct light-electricity) from other solar technologies.
Two masses, M1 = 3 kg and M2 = 2 kg, are connected by a light inextensible string passing over a frictionless pulley (Atwood machine). The acceleration of the system is (Take g = 10 m/s^2):
Explanation:
For an Atwood machine, the common acceleration of both masses is given by the formula a = [(M1 - M2) / (M1 + M2)] * g. Substituting the given values: a = [(3 - 2) / (3 + 2)] * 10 = (1 / 5) * 10 = 2 m/s^2. The heavier mass accelerates downwards, the lighter one upwards.
Explanation:
Moon's gravity is about 1/6th of Earth's gravity. So weight (mg) is 1/6 of Earth weight. Mass remains same. g_moon ≈ 1.62 m/s², g_earth ≈ 9.8 m/s², ratio ≈ 1/6. Common fact in space science.
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