A ray of light traveling from water (denser) into air (rarer) grazes the interface separating the two media. The angle of incidence in the water is called the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

A ray of light traveling from water (denser) into air (rarer) grazes the interface separating the two media. The angle of incidence in the water is called the:

A. Critical angle

B. Angle of refraction

C. Angle of polarization

D. Brewster's angle

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

When light travels from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium, it bends away from the normal. As the angle of incidence increases, the angle of refraction also increases. The specific angle of incidence for which the refracted ray grazes the surface (meaning the angle of refraction is exactly 90 degrees) is defined as the critical angle.

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A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of same mass and radius are rolled down an incline. Which reaches bottom first?

A. Depends on material

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Solid sphere has smaller moment of inertia (2/5 MR²) than hollow (2/3 MR²). Less energy in rotation, more in translation, faster.

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A body is lifted vertically through a height h. The work done against gravity is stored as:

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
When a body is lifted against gravity, work done (mgh) is stored as gravitational potential energy. This energy can be recovered when the body falls. Kinetic energy relates to motion, thermal to heat, elastic to deformed materials. The conservation of energy principle states that work done against conservative forces becomes potential energy. Formula: PE = mgh, where h is height above reference. Memory aid: 'Potential' means stored energy due to position. This conceptual question tests energy transformation understanding, frequently appearing in work-energy theorem applications in competitive exams.

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