According to Faraday's first law of electrolysis, the mass of substance deposited is directly proportional to:
A. Electrode area
B. Time of electrolysis
C. Current passed
D. Quantity of electricity passed
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Faraday's first law: m ∝ Q, where m = mass deposited, Q = charge passed (current × time). So mass deposited is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity (coulombs). While m ∝ I and m ∝ t individually are true for constant parameters, the exact law states m = ZIt = ZQ, where Z is electrochemical equivalent. The law directly links mass to Q. Faraday's second law deals with equivalent masses.
Explanation:
Thomson used cathode ray tubes to discover the electron and measure its charge-to-mass ratio (e/m). He proposed the 'plum pudding' model. Proton identified by Rutherford, neutron by Chadwick.
Explanation:
Alpha particles are relatively heavy (4 amu) and doubly charged (+2), so they interact strongly with matter, losing energy rapidly via ionization. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air. Beta particles (lighter, faster electrons) penetrate further. Gamma rays (uncharged EM waves) are most penetrating. Alpha emitters are hazardous if ingested or inhaled.
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