Acid rain results from SO₂ and NOₓ (oxides of nitrogen) dissolving in water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These are released from burning fossil fuels and industrial processes. Carbon dioxide forms weak carbonic acid (normal rain pH ~5.6), but SO₂ and NOₓ cause pH below 5.0.
Explanation:
Methyl orange is red at pH < 3.1 and yellow at pH > 4.4. Litmus: red in acid, blue in base. Phenolphthalein: colorless in acid, pink in base. Turmeric: yellow in acid, reddish-brown in base.
Explanation:
Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) is a salt of weak acid (acetic acid) and strong base (NaOH). It hydrolyzes to produce OH⁻ ions: CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃COOH + OH⁻, making the solution basic. NaCl (strong acid-strong base) neutral. NH₄Cl (strong acid-weak base) acidic. NaNO₃ neutral. Basic salts turn red litmus blue.
Explanation:
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is naturally odorless. To detect dangerous leaks, a strong-smelling sulfur compound called ethyl mercaptan (thioethanol, C2H5SH) is added to it. Its pungent, rotting-cabbage-like smell is easily detectable by the human nose even at very low concentrations.
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