Explanation:
Solar cells (photovoltaic cells) convert light energy (photons) directly into electrical energy via the photovoltaic effect: photons excite electrons in semiconductor material, creating electron-hole pairs that generate voltage. This is distinct from solar thermal (light to heat to electricity) or batteries (chemical to electrical). Memory aid: 'Photo = light; voltaic = electricity'. This renewable energy application question tests knowledge of energy conversion principles, common in competitive exams. Always distinguish photovoltaic (direct light-electricity) from other solar technologies.
Explanation:
The area under the curve of a velocity-time graph represents the total displacement covered by an object in a given time interval. Since velocity = displacement/time, the product of velocity and time (the area) yields displacement. The slope of a velocity-time graph, conversely, represents acceleration.
Explanation:
Dispersion: red has longest wavelength, lowest refractive index, deviates least. Violet deviates most. So spectrum: red at top (least deviation), violet at bottom.
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