Baking powder is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and a mild edible acid, usually tartaric acid. When moistened and heated, they react to release CO₂, causing dough to rise. Baking soda alone requires an external acidic ingredient. The acid ensures complete reaction and avoids a bitter taste.
Explanation:
Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄·½H₂O) is formed by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) at 373 K (100°C). This causes it to lose 1.5 molecules of water per formula unit. If heated significantly above 473 K, it loses all water and forms dead burnt plaster (anhydrous CaSO₄), which cannot set with water.
Explanation:
Catenation is the ability of carbon atoms to form long chains, rings, and networks via covalent bonds. This leads to a vast number of organic compounds. Silicon also catenates but to lesser extent.
Explanation:
CO₂ is the primary anthropogenic greenhouse gas from fossil fuel combustion. N₂, O₂ not IR active. Ammonia is not a major GHG. Methane, N₂O also contribute.
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