Beta particles are: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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Beta particles are:

A. Positively charged protons

B. High energy electrons

C. Neutrons

D. Helium nuclei

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons (β⁻) or positrons (β⁺) emitted from a radioactive nucleus during beta decay. In β⁻ decay, a neutron converts to a proton, emitting an electron and an antineutrino. Beta particles have moderate penetrating power; they can be stopped by a few millimeters of aluminum. They cause less ionization than alpha.

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Question #1

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In the extraction of iron, limestone is added as a flux to remove:

A. Silica (sand)

B. Copper sulfide

C. Alumina

D. Iron oxide

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
In a blast furnace, limestone (CaCO₃) decomposes to CaO, which acts as a basic flux. It reacts with the acidic impurity silica (SiO₂) to form calcium silicate slag (CaSiO₃), which is lighter and floats on top of the molten iron, allowing it to be separated and removed.

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Question #2

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Which property increases down a group?

A. Electronegativity

B. Ionization energy

C. Electron affinity

D. Atomic radius

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Atomic radius increases down a group due to addition of new shells. Ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity (generally) decrease down a group.

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Question #3

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Rusting of iron requires:

A. Only water

B. Both oxygen and water

C. Only oxygen

D. Carbon dioxide and water

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Rusting is an electrochemical process requiring both oxygen and water (moisture). The overall reaction: 4Fe + 3O₂ + 2xH₂O → 2Fe₂O₃·xH₂O. In the absence of either, rusting does not occur. Salt accelerates rusting by increasing conductivity. Prevention methods include painting, greasing, galvanization, and cathodic protection. Rust is hydrated iron(III) oxide, a reddish-brown flaky substance, not protective.

This question belongs to: Science chemistry

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