Graham's law of effusion/diffusion applies to gases. It states that rate is inversely proportional to square root of molar mass. It is used to separate isotopes.
Explanation:
Plaster of Paris is prepared by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) at 373 K, removing part of water of crystallization to form CaSO₄·½H₂O. CaCO₃ is limestone.
Explanation:
Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) have the same molecular formula C₂H₆O but different functional groups: alcohol (-OH) vs ether (-O-). This is functional group isomerism. Ethanal is C₂H₄O, acetic acid C₂H₄O₂. Methoxymethane is another name for dimethyl ether. Functional isomers exhibit different chemical properties; ethanol reacts with Na, ether does not.
Explanation:
Electrolysis of water produces pure hydrogen and oxygen: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂. Hydrogen is used in fuel cells to generate electricity. It can also be produced by steam reforming of natural gas, but electrolysis yields clean hydrogen if powered by renewable energy. Combustion of methane produces energy, not hydrogen. Neutralization gives salt and water.
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