Modern History of India MCQs with Answers and Explanations

Question #201

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The partition of Bengal was announced in 1905 by which Viceroy of India?

A. Lord Mountbatten

B. Lord Hardinge

C. Lord Curzon

D. Lord Irwin

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The partition of Bengal was announced by Lord Curzon on 19 July 1905 and implemented on 16 October 1905, ostensibly for administrative efficiency but largely to divide the nationalist movement.

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Question #202

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In the context of the Indian freedom struggle, the 'Komagata Maru' incident is associated with:

A. A tribal uprising in Central India.

B. A secret revolutionary society formed in London.

C. A Japanese steamship carrying Indian immigrants to Canada.

D. A tax boycott movement in the Bombay Presidency.

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Komagata Maru was a Japanese steamship that sailed from Hong Kong to Vancouver in 1914. Most of its Indian passengers were denied entry by Canada, fueling anti-British and revolutionary sentiments among Indians.

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Question #203

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The Poona Pact of 1932 was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and who among the following?

A. B. R. Ambedkar

B. Lord Irwin

C. Muhammad Ali Jinnah

D. Jawaharlal Nehru

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi to secure reserved seats for the Depressed Classes in the provincial legislatures within the general electorate.

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Question #204

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The Vernacular Press Act was enacted in 1878 under the tenure of which Governor-General?

A. Lord Dalhousie

B. Lord Ripon

C. Lord Canning

D. Lord Lytton

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Lord Lytton enacted the Vernacular Press Act in 1878 to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language press, which was highly critical of British policies. It was later repealed by Lord Ripon.

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Question #205

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Which of the following leaders was famously known as the 'Frontier Gandhi'?

A. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

B. Muhammad Iqbal

C. Syed Ahmad Khan

D. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and leader of the Khudai Khidmatgar (Red Shirts) movement in the North-West Frontier Province, was known as the 'Frontier Gandhi'.

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Question #206

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Who established the 'Asiatic Society of Bengal' in 1784?

A. Sir William Jones

B. Warren Hastings

C. Jonathan Duncan

D. Charles Wilkins

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Asiatic Society of Bengal was founded by Sir William Jones, a British lawyer and Orientalist, in January 1784 to encourage Oriental studies.

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Question #207

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The Ilbert Bill controversy during Lord Ripon's tenure was related to:

A. The removal of disqualifications imposed on Indian magistrates with regard to the trial of Europeans.

B. The reduction of the maximum age for appearing in the civil services examination.

C. The introduction of a new land revenue settlement in Bengal.

D. The imposition of restrictions on the vernacular press.

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Introduced in 1883, the Ilbert Bill sought to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India. The severe European backlash forced an amendment to the bill.

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Question #208

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Who among the following is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'?

A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

C. Lala Lajpat Rai

D. Dadabhai Naoroji

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Dadabhai Naoroji, the first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain and a key founder of the Indian National Congress, is revered as the 'Grand Old Man of India'.

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Question #209

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The historic Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress in 1916 was presided over by:

A. Annie Besant

B. Motilal Nehru

C. Ambica Charan Mazumdar

D. Rash Behari Ghosh

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Ambica Charan Mazumdar presided over the 1916 Lucknow Session, which is historically significant for the 'Lucknow Pact' between the Congress and the Muslim League, and the reunion of moderates and extremists.

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Question #210

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Which act introduced the system of 'Dyarchy' in the provinces?

A. Government of India Act, 1919

B. Indian Councils Act, 1909

C. Indian Councils Act, 1892

D. Government of India Act, 1935

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) introduced Dyarchy in the provinces, dividing executive subjects into 'reserved' and 'transferred' categories.

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Question #211

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The Swadeshi Movement was officially proclaimed in 1905 at a meeting held in:

A. Bombay Town Hall

B. Madras Presidency College

C. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

D. Calcutta Town Hall

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
On 7 August 1905, the Swadeshi Movement was formally proclaimed at a massive public meeting at the Calcutta Town Hall in protest against the partition of Bengal.

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Question #212

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Who originally coined the slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad'?

A. Bhagat Singh

B. Subhas Chandra Bose

C. Maulana Hasrat Mohani

D. Allama Iqbal

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The phrase 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long Live the Revolution) was coined by Urdu poet and freedom fighter Maulana Hasrat Mohani in 1921. It was later popularized by Bhagat Singh.

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Question #213

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The first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885 was attended by how many delegates?

A. 62

B. 82

C. 52

D. 72

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The inaugural session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in December 1885, presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, and attended by 72 political delegates from across India.

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Question #214

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Under the Permanent Settlement of Bengal introduced by Lord Cornwallis, what proportion of the collected land revenue were the Zamindars allowed to retain for their services?

A. 1/5th

B. 1/8th

C. 1/11th

D. 1/10th

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Under the Permanent Settlement of 1793, the Zamindars had to remit 10/11ths of the collected land revenue to the East India Company, retaining 1/11th as their own share.

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Question #215

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Which commission was appointed by the British government to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

A. Hunter Commission

B. MacDonnell Commission

C. Simon Commission

D. Strachey Commission

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Disorders Inquiry Committee, universally known as the Hunter Commission, was established in late 1919 to investigate the events leading to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar.

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Question #216

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Mahatma Gandhi's first major Satyagraha movement in India was organized in:

A. Ahmedabad

B. Champaran

C. Bardoli

D. Kheda

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India was the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917, organized in Bihar to support indigo cultivators against the oppressive tinkathia system.

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Question #217

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The 'Drain of Wealth' theory was systematically propounded by Dadabhai Naoroji in his book:

A. Economic History of India

B. Indian Unrest

C. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India

D. The Discovery of India

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Dadabhai Naoroji systematically detailed the systematic economic exploitation of India by the British in his seminal 1901 work, 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'.

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Question #218

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The 'Cakravarti Rajagopalachari Formula' (C.R. Formula) of 1944 was formulated to:

A. Organize the Indian National Army in Southeast Asia.

B. Resolve the political deadlock between the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress.

C. Propose a blueprint for India's post-war economy.

D. Demand complete independence immediately without waiting for the war to end.

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The C.R. Formula was proposed by C. Rajagopalachari in 1944 as a compromise framework to resolve the deadlock between the Congress and the Muslim League over the issue of self-determination for Muslim-majority areas.

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Question #219

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The famous 'Quit India' resolution was passed by the All India Congress Committee on:

A. 8 August 1942

B. 15 August 1947

C. 12 March 1930

D. 26 January 1930

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The 'Quit India' resolution was passed at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay on 8 August 1942, launching the Quit India Movement demanding an end to British rule.

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Question #220

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Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress?

A. Nellie Sengupta

B. Sarojini Naidu

C. Aruna Asaf Ali

D. Annie Besant

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Annie Besant became the first woman President of the Indian National Congress when she presided over the Calcutta session in 1917. Sarojini Naidu was the first 'Indian' woman president (1925).

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