Modern History of India MCQs

History GK

Modern History of India MCQs

Practice Modern History of India MCQs with answers and detailed explanations covering the advent of Europeans, British rule in India, Governor-Generals and Viceroys, socio-religious reform movements, Revolt of 1857, Indian National Congress, freedom struggle, constitutional developments, important sessions, revolutionary movements, Gandhian era, partition of India and independence. These questions are designed for SSC, Railway, Banking, UPSC, JKSSB, Police, Defence, Teaching and other competitive examinations.

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Practice Questions

Page 2 of 108
Question #21
The historic split between the Moderates and the Extremists within the Indian National Congress took place in 1907 at which session?
A. Surat Session
B. Nagpur Session
C. Calcutta Session
D. Madras Session
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Congress split into Moderates and Extremists during the Surat Session of 1907, presided over by Rash Behari Ghosh, following differences over expansion of the Swadeshi movement.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #22
The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 at which of the following places?
A. Aligarh
B. Lahore
C. Dhaka
D. Lucknow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The All India Muslim League was founded on December 30, 1906, at Dhaka (now in Bangladesh), under the leadership of Khwaja Salimullah, Aga Khan III, and others.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #23
Which Act introduced separate electorates for Muslims in British India for the first time?
A. Indian Councils Act 1909
B. Government of India Act 1935
C. Indian Councils Act 1892
D. Government of India Act 1919
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Indian Councils Act 1909 (commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms) institutionalized communal representation by introducing separate electorates for Muslims.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #24
The Ghadar Party, an international political movement against British rule in India, was founded in 1913 with its headquarters at:
A. Berlin
B. Vancouver
C. London
D. San Francisco
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Ghadar Party was established in 1913 by expatriate Indians, notably Lala Hardayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna, with its headquarters at the Yugantar Ashram in San Francisco, USA.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #25
In which year did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
A. 1915
B. 1912
C. 1916
D. 1914
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on January 9, 1915. This day is now celebrated annually as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #26
The historic Lucknow Pact of 1916 was signed between:
A. The Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League
B. The Moderates and the Revolutionaries
C. The Indian National Congress and the British Government
D. The Hindu Mahasabha and the Muslim League
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 was a joint agreement between the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League to present common political demands to the British government.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #27
Where did Mahatma Gandhi launch his first satyagraha movement in India in 1917?
A. Bardoli
B. Champaran
C. Ahmedabad
D. Kheda
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Gandhiji’s first satyagraha in India took place in Champaran (Bihar) in 1917 to protect the farmers from the oppressive Tinkathia system enforced by European indigo planters.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #28
The infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar. Who was the British officer who ordered the troops to open fire?
A. John Simon
B. Michael O'Dwyer
C. Reginald Dyer
D. Lord Chelmsford
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to fire into a crowd of unarmed civilians gathered at Jallianwala Bagh. Michael O'Dwyer was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab at the time.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #29
The Khilafat Movement was launched under the leadership of the 'Ali Brothers' to protest against the treatment of the Caliph of which country?
A. Turkey
B. Iran
C. Egypt
D. Saudi Arabia
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) was led by Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali to defend the prestige and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Caliphate in Turkey.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #30
Following which event did Mahatma Gandhi abruptly suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?
A. Chauri Chaura Incident
B. Arrest of Lal Lajpat Rai
C. Passing of the Rowlatt Act
D. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement because of the violent Chauri Chaura incident (Gorakhpur, UP) where an angry crowd set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #31
The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by which of the following leaders?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose
B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipinchandra Pal
C. Vallabhbhai Patel and Rajendra Prasad
D. Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Following the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement, Chittaranjan Das (President) and Motilal Nehru (Secretary) formed the Swaraj Party in January 1923 to enter councils.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #32
In which year did the Simon Commission arrive in British India to review the constitutional working of the country?
A. 1925
B. 1928
C. 1929
D. 1927
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Indian Statutory Commission (Simon Commission) was appointed in 1927 but actually arrived in British India in February 1928, facing widespread protests because it had no Indian members.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #33
The resolution for 'Purna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) was adopted by the Indian National Congress during which historic session?
A. 1920 Nagpur Session
B. 1938 Haripura Session
C. 1929 Lahore Session
D. 1931 Karachi Session
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The landmark Purna Swaraj declaration was adopted at the Lahore session of the Congress in December 1929 under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #34
Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930, to launch which nationwide movement?
A. Quit India Movement
B. Civil Disobedience Movement
C. Anti-Rowlatt Satyagraha
D. Non-Cooperation Movement
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Salt March to Dandi marked the official commencement of the Civil Disobedience Movement against the British monopoly on manufacturing salt.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #35
The Poona Pact of September 1932 was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and which other leader?
A. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
B. Ramsay MacDonald
C. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D. Jawaharlal Nehru
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Poona Pact was an agreement reached between Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes for reservation of seats in provincial legislatures, abandoning separate electorates.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #36
The concept of provincial autonomy was introduced in British India by which of the following acts?
A. Indian Councils Act 1909
B. Government of India Act 1919
C. Indian Independence Act 1947
D. Government of India Act 1935
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Government of India Act 1935 abolished dyarchy at the provincial level and introduced provincial autonomy, giving provinces independent executive authority.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #37
Who was elected President of the Indian National Congress at the Haripura Session in 1938?
A. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
B. Subhas Chandra Bose
C. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Subhas Chandra Bose was unanimously elected President of the Congress at the Haripura session in 1938. He was re-elected in 1939 at Tripuri but later resigned.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #38
The famous slogan 'Do or Die' (Karo ya Maro) was given by Mahatma Gandhi during which mass movement?
A. Champaran Satyagraha
B. Quit India Movement
C. Khilafat Movement
D. Civil Disobedience Movement
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi delivered his historic 'Do or Die' speech on August 8, 1942, at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay, initiating the Quit India Movement.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #39
Who was the Viceroy of India when the Quit India Movement was launched in 1942?
A. Lord Wavell
B. Lord Linlithgow
C. Lord Willingdon
D. Lord Mountbatten
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Lord Linlithgow served as Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943, covering the outbreak of WWII and the launching of the Quit India Movement.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #40
The Cabinet Mission arrived in India in 1946 to discuss a constitutional framework. Who among the following was NOT a member of this mission?
A. Lord Pethick-Lawrence
B. Lord Louis Mountbatten
C. A. V. Alexander
D. Sir Stafford Cripps
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The 1946 Cabinet Mission consisted of three British cabinet ministers: Pethick-Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander. Mountbatten came later as Viceroy in 1947.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India

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