In a box of 100 bulbs, 10 are defective. Two bulbs are chosen at random. The probability that both are non-defective is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Circular Test requires P01 * P12 * P20 = 1, extending the logic of the time reversal test to multiple periods.

Explanation:
GRR sums age-specific fertility rates for female births only, measuring the average number of daughters per woman, which is crucial for analyzing female population replacement.

Explanation:
NRR = 1 means each woman is replaced by exactly one daughter who survives to reproductive age, implying exact replacement.