In a transistor, the current gain β is defined as:
A. I_B / I_C
B. I_C / I_E
C. I_E / I_C
D. I_C / I_B
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
For a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-emitter configuration, DC current gain β = I_C / I_B, where I_C is collector current, I_B base current. Typical β values range 20-200. Option D is α (common-base gain). Memory tip: 'β = collector current / base current; large β means small base current controls large collector current'. This definition-based question tests electronics fundamentals, frequently examined in competitive exams. Always distinguish β (CE configuration) from α (CB configuration) and their relationship: β = α/(1-α).
Explanation:
Time for to-and-fro: t = 2d/v ≥ 0.1 s ⇒ d ≥ vt/2 = 340×0.1/2 = 17 m. Minimum distance for brain to distinguish echo from original sound. Memory tip: 'd_min = v×persistence/2'. Application of sound reflection with human perception limit, common in competitive exam numericals.
Explanation:
Newton's third law states: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. These forces act on two different interacting bodies, hence they never cancel each other as they don't act on the same body. They can act at a distance (e.g., gravitational forces) or through contact. Cancellation of forces occurs only when multiple forces act on a single body. This distinction is crucial for free-body diagram analysis. Exam tip: Always identify which body each force acts upon. Misconception about force cancellation is a common trap in competitive exam questions testing Newton's laws.
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