In the formation of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) from NH₃ and H⁺, the type of bond formed is:
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Ionic bond
D. Coordinate bond
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
NH₃ has a lone pair on nitrogen, which it donates to the empty 1s orbital of H⁺, forming a coordinate (dative) bond where both electrons come from nitrogen. The resulting NH₄⁺ has four equivalent N–H covalent bonds and a +1 charge. Coordinate bonds are common in complex ions: e.g., [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺. Once formed, a coordinate bond is indistinguishable from a covalent bond.
Explanation:
Boiling water changes state from liquid to gas, but the chemical composition (H₂O) remains unchanged – physical change. Others form new substances.
Explanation:
Dilute HNO₃ is an oxidizing agent; it oxidizes the hydrogen produced to water and itself gets reduced to nitrogen oxides (NO, N₂O, etc.). Very dilute HNO₃ with Mg/Mn can produce H₂. Metals above hydrogen normally displace H₂ from non-oxidizing acids like HCl.
Explanation:
Pepsin is a protease secreted in the stomach; it hydrolyzes proteins into peptides. Ptyalin (salivary amylase) digests starch; amylase also breaks starch; lipase digests fats.
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