Dalton's atomic theory (1808) provided a framework for the laws of chemical combination—conservation of mass, constant composition, and multiple proportions. The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, masses of one that combine with fixed mass of the other are in small whole number ratios. Dalton proposed atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.
Explanation:
Vulcanization is the chemical process of converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by adding sulfur or other equivalent curatives. This process was discovered by Charles Goodyear in 1839, revolutionizing the rubber industry by making it less sticky and more temperature-resistant.
Explanation:
Carbon monoxide (CO) has a triple bond. In the formation, oxygen, with two lone pairs, donates one lone pair to form a coordinate bond with carbon after normal double bond formation, resulting in a structure :C≡O:. Thus oxygen donates the pair. This satisfies the octet for both.
Explanation:
Ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol) is the main component of antifreeze, lowering the freezing point of water. Methanol is toxic, ethanol can be used but evaporates, glycerol is viscous. Ethylene glycol is poisonous if ingested. Propylene glycol is a safer alternative.
No comments yet. Be the first to start the discussion!