Nitric acid is manufactured by Ostwald process. The catalyst used is:
A. V₂O₅
B. Pt-Rh gauze
C. Ni
D. Fe
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Ostwald process: Catalytic oxidation of NH₃ with air over a platinum-rhodium gauze catalyst at ~800°C to form NO, then NO₂, finally absorbed in water to give HNO₃. Fe is Haber catalyst for NH₃. V₂O₅ is for SO₂ oxidation. Ni for hydrogenation. Pt-Rh alloy gauze provides high surface area and mechanical strength, reducing cost. Nitric acid is used in fertilizers (ammonium nitrate), explosives, and nitration.
Explanation:
Water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen when electricity is passed (electrolysis). A single reactant yields two or more products, hence decomposition. It is also a redox reaction. Combination is the opposite; displacement involves replacing an ion.
Explanation:
pH difference = 3 units. Since pH is logarithmic (base 10), [H⁺] ratio = 10³ = 1000. So pH 2 solution has 1000 times greater H⁺ concentration, making it 1000 times more acidic.
Explanation:
Teflon (PTFE) has a very low coefficient of friction and surface energy because the fluorine atoms form a protective shield around the carbon backbone, making it difficult for other substances to adhere. This is not due to polarity (C-F bonds are polar but the molecule overall is non-polar due to symmetry). It is extremely inert, resisting most chemicals.
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