Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus (e.g., uranium-235, plutonium-239) into lighter nuclei, releasing energy and neutrons. This process powers nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. Fusion combines light nuclei (e.g., hydrogen to helium), powering stars. Memory aid: 'Fission = splitting heavy; Fusion = joining light'. This conceptual question tests understanding of nuclear reactions, frequently examined in competitive exams. Always link fission to chain reactions (neutrons induce further fissions) and critical mass concepts.
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