Saline water (containing NaCl) increases the electrical conductivity of the water, accelerating the electrochemical process of rusting. This is why ships and coastal structures rust faster. Dry air and vacuum have no moisture; pure water without dissolved oxygen slows rusting.
Explanation:
Urea, CO(NH₂)₂, molar mass = 60 g/mol. Mass of N = 2×14 = 28 g. Percentage N = (28/60) × 100 ≈ 46.67%, commonly rounded to 46%. It has the highest nitrogen content among solid fertilizers, making it economical. DAP (diammonium phosphate) has 18% N and 46% P₂O₅. Ammonium nitrate has 33% N. Urea is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide by soil urease enzyme.
Explanation:
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers, especially those containing nitrogen and phosphorus, can lead to runoff into water bodies. This causes eutrophication (algal blooms), which depletes oxygen in the water and kills aquatic life. It also degrades soil health and kills beneficial microbes over time.
Explanation:
In electrolytic refining, impure copper is the anode, pure copper is the cathode, and CuSO₄ acidified with H₂SO₄ is the electrolyte. Copper dissolves from anode and pure copper deposits on cathode. Smelting is reduction with coke.
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