Explanation:
Optical fibers: TIR confines light in core. Diamonds: high n gives small θ_c, causing multiple TIRs for sparkle. Memory aid: 'TIR applications: fibers (communication), diamonds (optics)'. Optics application frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
R = ρL/A, depends on length (L), cross-sectional area (A), and resistivity (ρ) which depends on material and temperature. Not on colour or transparency.
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