The instrument that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Generator converts mechanical energy (rotation) to electrical energy via electromagnetic induction. Motor does the reverse (electrical to mechanical). Transformer changes AC voltage levels; galvanometer detects small currents. Memory aid: 'Generator: motion ⇒ electricity; Motor: electricity ⇒ motion'. This principle-based question tests understanding of energy conversion devices, crucial for electromagnetism in competitive exams. Always link device function to underlying physics law: generator (Faraday's law), motor (Lorentz force).